J Olsen1, J Li, D H Precht. 1. The Danish Epidemiology Science Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark. jo@UCLA.edu
Abstract
AIMS: To examine whether parents who lost a child have an increased risk of hospitalization because of Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes. METHODS: We identified all parents who lost a child in Denmark from 1980 to 1996 (stress exposed), and compared them with parents randomly selected from all other parents in the country at that time without such a bereavement. Fifteen non-bereaved families were matched to each bereaved family for family size and the age of the children. First hospitalizations for Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes were monitored in these two groups up to 18 years after the bereavement. There were 21 062 parents in the bereaved cohort and 293 745 parents in the non-bereaved cohort. The study was based upon linkage of several national registers, and first-time hospitalization with diabetes (Type 1 or Type 2) was the end point. RESULTS: Five hundred and fifty-one cases were hospitalized because of Type 1 diabetes and 1569 cases because of Type 2 diabetes. There was a 29% higher risk of hospitalization because of Type 1 diabetes [95% CI -5 to 75%; corresponding to a relative risk (RR) of 1.29; 95% CI 0.95-1.75] and a 44% higher risk of hospitalization because of Type 2 diabetes (95% CI 21-71%; corresponding to an RR of 1.44; 95% CI 1.21-1.71) in the bereaved cohort. The high risk of hospitalization because of Type 2 diabetes following bereavement was only statistically significant for mothers. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological stress may be a contributing cause of, or have prognostic importance for, both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, but a statistically significant association was only seen for Type 2 diabetes.
AIMS: To examine whether parents who lost a child have an increased risk of hospitalization because of Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes. METHODS: We identified all parents who lost a child in Denmark from 1980 to 1996 (stress exposed), and compared them with parents randomly selected from all other parents in the country at that time without such a bereavement. Fifteen non-bereaved families were matched to each bereaved family for family size and the age of the children. First hospitalizations for Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes were monitored in these two groups up to 18 years after the bereavement. There were 21 062 parents in the bereaved cohort and 293 745 parents in the non-bereaved cohort. The study was based upon linkage of several national registers, and first-time hospitalization with diabetes (Type 1 or Type 2) was the end point. RESULTS: Five hundred and fifty-one cases were hospitalized because of Type 1 diabetes and 1569 cases because of Type 2 diabetes. There was a 29% higher risk of hospitalization because of Type 1 diabetes [95% CI -5 to 75%; corresponding to a relative risk (RR) of 1.29; 95% CI 0.95-1.75] and a 44% higher risk of hospitalization because of Type 2 diabetes (95% CI 21-71%; corresponding to an RR of 1.44; 95% CI 1.21-1.71) in the bereaved cohort. The high risk of hospitalization because of Type 2 diabetes following bereavement was only statistically significant for mothers. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological stress may be a contributing cause of, or have prognostic importance for, both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, but a statistically significant association was only seen for Type 2 diabetes.
Authors: Daylee Greene; JoAnn T Tschanz; Ken R Smith; Truls Ostbye; Chris Corcoran; Kathleen A Welsh-Bohmer; Maria C Norton Journal: Am J Geriatr Psychiatry Date: 2013-08-14 Impact factor: 4.105
Authors: Dorothy Brooten; JoAnne M Youngblut; Carmen Caicedo; Teresa Del Moral; G Patricia Cantwell; Balagangadhar Totapally Journal: Am J Hosp Palliat Care Date: 2016-11-15 Impact factor: 2.500
Authors: Dorothy Brooten; JoAnne M Youngblut; Jean Hannan; Carmen Caicedo; Rosa Roche; Fatima Malkawi Journal: J Am Assoc Nurse Pract Date: 2015-03-11 Impact factor: 1.165