Motives for parenthood and response to failed in vitro fertilization: implications for counseling.

The purpose of this investigation was to identify in vitro fertilization (IVF) candidates' motives for parenthood and hence for seeking treatment. The relationship among identified motives, pretreatment emotional adjustment, and reaction to treatment failure was then examined. Women as a group placed greatest emphasis on fulfilling gender-role requirements, and those strongly endorsing such motives showed the poorest adjustment before IVF and the most negative reaction to first-cycle failure. In contrast, men in general were more likely to stress a desire for marital completion, although this motive was not predictive of emotional status before or after IVF. However, men experiencing social pressures to have children were at greater risk when treatment failed. The results indicate that greater consideration of cognitive factors may enhance understanding of emotional reactions to IVF failure and provide important insights for therapeutic intervention.