Brain bases of error-related ERPs as influenced by age and task.

Age effects in the error negativity (Ne) and error positivity (Pe) were examined in a standard letter flanker task and an age-sensitive source memory exclusion task. Older adults made more errors and produced Ne and Pe components of lower amplitude in both tasks. The Ne was insensitive to task and error rate. The Pe, however, was reduced in the source memory relative to the flanker task and was correlated with error rate in both tasks. Ne and Pe dipoles were generally localized to anterior cingulate cortex, but dipoles associated with the Pe were more frontal for flanker errors and, for young adults, more posterior for source errors. These data suggest that the Ne reflects an automatic response to error as it occurs whereas the Pe, being more sensitive to age and task demands, and more closely linked to accuracy, reflects the allocation of attention to an error that has been made.