PURPOSE: Most colorectal cancers that have high levels of microsatellite instability (MSI-H) show loss of immunohistochemical expression of proteins that participate in the DNA mismatch repair process, most often involving MLH1 and MSH2. Less commonly, a third DNA mismatch repair protein, MSH6, may also be lost as the primary event. Rarely, tumors with MSI-H show normal expression of these three proteins. The genetic deficiency leading to the MSI-H phenotype in such cases is unknown. PMS2 is another member of the DNA mismatch repair complex. Its expression is generally lost in tumors with MLH1 loss of expression. Rarely, there is selective loss of PMS2 expression. We sought to describe the frequency and clinical correlates of selective loss of expression of PMS2 with the MSI-H tumor phenotype. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Two thousand seven hundred nineteen colorectal cancers from both clinic- and research-based ascertainment were studied. Tumor MSI testing and immunohistochemistry for MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 were conducted. Medical records were abstracted for age at diagnosis, gender, colorectal cancer site, and family history. RESULTS: Five hundred thirty-five of the 2,719 tumors were MSI-H. Of these, 93% showed loss of expression of MLH1, MSH2, and/or MSH6. Thirty-eight showed normal expression for these proteins. PMS2 immunohistochemical staining was successful in 32 of 38 of these tumors. Of the 32, 23 showed selective loss of expression of PMS2. This was associated with young age of diagnosis and right-sided location but not with a striking family history of cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, 97% of the MSI-H tumors showed loss of expression for one or more of these four mismatch repair proteins. Selective loss of expression of PMS2 was present in 72% of cases in which colorectal cancers had an MSI-H phenotype but no alteration of expression of MLH1, MSH2, and MSH6. The underlying mechanism involved cannot be determined from this study but could involve point mutations in other DNA mismatch repair genes with retention of immunohistochemical expression, somatic inactivation of PMS2, or germ line mutation of PMS2.
PURPOSE: Most colorectal cancers that have high levels of microsatellite instability (MSI-H) show loss of immunohistochemical expression of proteins that participate in the DNA mismatch repair process, most often involving MLH1 and MSH2. Less commonly, a third DNA mismatch repair protein, MSH6, may also be lost as the primary event. Rarely, tumors with MSI-H show normal expression of these three proteins. The genetic deficiency leading to the MSI-H phenotype in such cases is unknown. PMS2 is another member of the DNA mismatch repair complex. Its expression is generally lost in tumors with MLH1 loss of expression. Rarely, there is selective loss of PMS2 expression. We sought to describe the frequency and clinical correlates of selective loss of expression of PMS2 with the MSI-H tumor phenotype. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Two thousand seven hundred nineteen colorectal cancers from both clinic- and research-based ascertainment were studied. Tumor MSI testing and immunohistochemistry for MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 were conducted. Medical records were abstracted for age at diagnosis, gender, colorectal cancer site, and family history. RESULTS: Five hundred thirty-five of the 2,719 tumors were MSI-H. Of these, 93% showed loss of expression of MLH1, MSH2, and/or MSH6. Thirty-eight showed normal expression for these proteins. PMS2 immunohistochemical staining was successful in 32 of 38 of these tumors. Of the 32, 23 showed selective loss of expression of PMS2. This was associated with young age of diagnosis and right-sided location but not with a striking family history of cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, 97% of the MSI-H tumors showed loss of expression for one or more of these four mismatch repair proteins. Selective loss of expression of PMS2 was present in 72% of cases in which colorectal cancers had an MSI-H phenotype but no alteration of expression of MLH1, MSH2, and MSH6. The underlying mechanism involved cannot be determined from this study but could involve point mutations in other DNA mismatch repair genes with retention of immunohistochemical expression, somatic inactivation of PMS2, or germ line mutation of PMS2.
Authors: Kandelaria Rumilla; Karen V Schowalter; Noralane M Lindor; Brittany C Thomas; Kara A Mensink; Steven Gallinger; Spring Holter; Polly A Newcomb; John D Potter; Mark A Jenkins; John L Hopper; Tiffany I Long; Daniel J Weisenberger; Robert W Haile; Graham Casey; Peter W Laird; Loic Le Marchand; Stephen N Thibodeau Journal: J Mol Diagn Date: 2010-12-23 Impact factor: 5.568
Authors: Jenny N Poynter; Kimberly D Siegmund; Daniel J Weisenberger; Tiffany I Long; Stephen N Thibodeau; Noralane Lindor; Joanne Young; Mark A Jenkins; John L Hopper; John A Baron; Dan Buchanan; Graham Casey; A Joan Levine; Loïc Le Marchand; Steven Gallinger; Bharati Bapat; John D Potter; Polly A Newcomb; Robert W Haile; Peter W Laird Journal: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev Date: 2008-11 Impact factor: 4.254
Authors: M Clendenning; L Senter; H Hampel; K Lagerstedt Robinson; S Sun; D Buchanan; M D Walsh; M Nilbert; J Green; J Potter; A Lindblom; A de la Chapelle Journal: J Med Genet Date: 2008-01-04 Impact factor: 6.318
Authors: Leigha Senter; Mark Clendenning; Kaisa Sotamaa; Heather Hampel; Jane Green; John D Potter; Annika Lindblom; Kristina Lagerstedt; Stephen N Thibodeau; Noralane M Lindor; Joanne Young; Ingrid Winship; James G Dowty; Darren M White; John L Hopper; Laura Baglietto; Mark A Jenkins; Albert de la Chapelle Journal: Gastroenterology Date: 2008-05-02 Impact factor: 22.682
Authors: Amy J French; Daniel J Sargent; Lawrence J Burgart; Nathan R Foster; Brian F Kabat; Richard Goldberg; Lois Shepherd; Harold E Windschitl; Stephen N Thibodeau Journal: Clin Cancer Res Date: 2008-06-01 Impact factor: 12.531