[Infectious disease surveillance based on the Protection against Infection Act in the German public health sector].

By the Protection against Infection Act new instruments were established for infectious disease surveillance in Germany. The main innovations were a shift of responsibility for notifications from clinicians to laboratories, the validation of cases by means of case definitions in local public health departments, and the electronic transmission of single case data via state health departments to the Robert Koch Institute. Four years after the Protection against Infection Act was enacted, its implementation was successful from the perspective of state and national health authorities. This was proven by the detection and successful investigation of several diffuse outbreaks. However, further improvements seem necessary and the following points should be considered in a revision of the act: reduction of time limits for data transmission, unambiguous regulation of responsibilities and for data exchange in non-localized outbreaks as well as for international exchange of case data, and introduction of an obligation for clinicians to supply local public health departments with complementary information regarding laboratory reports on demand. The public health sector can contribute to a further improvement of the surveillance system by working to better inform clinicians and laboratories and therewith motivate them to comply with their obligations for notifying diseases and by promoting the scientific evaluation of the system, in particular concerning potential underreporting.