BACKGROUND: Although intestinal transplantation provides a unique situation of free access to the graft because of the presence of temporary enterostomas, evaluation of local immunosuppression is still an unresolved issue and may constitute one of the causes of grafting failure. AIMS: To study in a rat model of allogeneic intestinal transplantation the expression of transcription factors involved in lymphocyte activation in situ in the graft and to identify factors reflecting the efficiency of drug immunosuppression. METHODS: Intestinal transplantation was performed in a Brown Norway (RT1n-donors)-Lewis (RT1(l)-recipients) rat strain combination. The animals were treated with tacrolimus to induce tolerance or left untreated. Syngeneic intestinal grafts and intestine from donor rats with peritonitis were used as controls. NF-kappaBp65, p-c-Jun, interleukin 2 receptor (CD25), and major histocompatibility complex class II antigen (OX-6) expression was studied in graft biopsies on days 2 and 5 by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: On day 2, before the onset of histologic signs of rejection, the number of cells expressing NF-kappaBp65 in the pericryptic lamina propria was significantly higher in untreated recipients of allogeneic grafts than in the other groups (P = .009). NF-kappaBp65 expression then fell between days 2 and 5 (P = .009). Classic markers of T-cell activation (CD25 and OX-6) were expressed during rejection in the lamina propria and on crypt enterocytes, respectively. p-c-Jun expression did not differ among the 3 groups. CONCLUSION: NF-kappaBp65 expression in intestinal grafts is a precocious sign of local activation during rejection and could thus serve to optimize the management of immunosuppressive therapy.
BACKGROUND: Although intestinal transplantation provides a unique situation of free access to the graft because of the presence of temporary enterostomas, evaluation of local immunosuppression is still an unresolved issue and may constitute one of the causes of grafting failure. AIMS: To study in a rat model of allogeneic intestinal transplantation the expression of transcription factors involved in lymphocyte activation in situ in the graft and to identify factors reflecting the efficiency of drug immunosuppression. METHODS: Intestinal transplantation was performed in a Brown Norway (RT1n-donors)-Lewis (RT1(l)-recipients) rat strain combination. The animals were treated with tacrolimus to induce tolerance or left untreated. Syngeneic intestinal grafts and intestine from donorrats with peritonitis were used as controls. NF-kappaBp65, p-c-Jun, interleukin 2 receptor (CD25), and major histocompatibility complex class II antigen (OX-6) expression was studied in graft biopsies on days 2 and 5 by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: On day 2, before the onset of histologic signs of rejection, the number of cells expressing NF-kappaBp65 in the pericryptic lamina propria was significantly higher in untreated recipients of allogeneic grafts than in the other groups (P = .009). NF-kappaBp65 expression then fell between days 2 and 5 (P = .009). Classic markers of T-cell activation (CD25 and OX-6) were expressed during rejection in the lamina propria and on crypt enterocytes, respectively. p-c-Jun expression did not differ among the 3 groups. CONCLUSION: NF-kappaBp65 expression in intestinal grafts is a precocious sign of local activation during rejection and could thus serve to optimize the management of immunosuppressive therapy.