Double outlet right ventricle: opinions regarding management.

In the current era of superb surgical results for congenital heart disease, several management options are available for patients born with double outlet right ventricle (DORV). The surgical repair of DORV is tailored to address the variety of abnormalities associated with this lesion. The treatment strategies are dependent upon the anatomy and relationship of the ventricular septal defect (VSD) and the great arteries. For patients with subaortic or doubly committed VSDs, without right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, the usual repair is an intraventricular tunnel from the VSD to the aorta. If right ventricular outflow tract obstruction exists, then augmentation of the right ventricular outflow tract or conduit placement from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery is necessary. For the "Taussig-Bing anomaly" (subpulmonary VSD) an arterial switch operation is indicated with tunneling of the VSD to the neoaorta. For patients with a remote VSD, complex atrioventricular valve abnormalities, or unbalanced ventricles, a staged palliative approach is warranted. This approach will result in the patient having "single ventricle" physiology, and "Fontan anatomy" after the staging surgeries. Outcomes are determined by the surgery performed. Patients who require conduit placement from right ventricle to pulmonary artery will need subsequent surgery for replacement of the conduit. Complex intraventricular tunnels are at risk for developing subaortic obstruction. Patients who had arterial switch operations have thus far had excellent results. However, these patients may be at risk for development of neoaortic valve regurgitation requiring subsequent reoperation. Complex biventricular intracardiac repairs have been associated with a higher risk of reoperation. In the past 10 to 15 years, patients undergoing Fontan operations have had improved early and late survival. However, long-term problems after the Fontan operation include arrhythmia and development of protein-losing enteropathy.