The clinicopathological features of three babies with osteogenesis imperfecta resulting from the substitution of glycine by valine in the pro alpha 1 (I) chain of type I procollagen.

The features of three babies with perinatal lethal osteogenesis imperfecta (OI II) resulting from substitutions of glycine by valine in the triple helical domain of the alpha 1(I) chain of type I collagen were studied. The babies were heterozygous for this substitution at residue 1006 in case 1 (OI35), 973 in case 2 (OI59), and 256 in case 3 (OI7B). OI35 had the most severe clinical form, OI IIC, with premature rupture of membranes, severe antepartum haemorrhage, stillbirth, severe short limbed dwarfism, and extreme osteoporosis. OI59 was a better formed baby but was also born prematurely as a result of premature rupture of membranes and severe antepartum haemorrhage. She had the radiographic features of OI IIA. OI7B was born at term and also had the radiographic features of OI IIA. Pathological examination of the skeletons of OI35 and OI59 showed grossly deficient intramembranous and endochondral ossification. Trabecular bone was sparse in the long bones and vertebrae. The trabeculae contained a cartilage core and an overlying layer of woven bone or osteoid. The diaphyses lacked cortical bone. The periosteal fibroblasts of OI35 contained grossly distended rough endoplasmic reticulum consistent with the 53% reduction in collagen secretion by cultured dermal fibroblasts. The aorta, skin, and lungs were hypoplastic in OI35 and OI59. The findings in this study show that glycine substitutions by valine in Gly-X-Y triplets, from glycine 256 to glycine 1006, of the triple helical domain of alpha 1(I) chains produce the OI II phenotype. The phenotype was most severe in the baby with the most carboxy-terminal substitution.