Necrosis in human spermatozoa. II. Ultrastructural features and FISH study in semen from patients with recovered uro-genital infections.

Inflammation of the male genital tract is a potential cause of male sterility. The quality of spermatozoa from ten patients with recovered uro-genital infections was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM); fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed on sperm nuclei in six our of ten patients to investigate the frequency of aneuploidies. TEM analysis demonstrated the presence of a high percentage of necrosis in all patients, whereas apoptosis was present in only five of them. Meiotic segregation was altered in all analysed semen samples. Recovery from infections does not seem to coincide with improved sperm quality, probably because a persistent inflammatory state demonstrated by a high percentage of sperm necrosis sometimes associated with the presence of white blood cells (WBC) in the seminal plasma, is present. The effects of infections of the male genital tract could proceed in the absence of microbial agents due to immunological mechanisms involving the pattern of chemical products typical of inflammation. Our results suggest that the presence of necrosis, sometimes associated with apoptosis, could be considered to be an indicator of male genital tract inflammation. However, further studies are necessary to test the correlation between biochemical parameters and ultrastructural and molecular markers of inflammation.