Plasticity in leaf-area density within the crown of Aucuba japonica growing under different light levels.

We assessed leaf-area density (LAD; m(2) m(-3)) within the crown of Aucuba japonica (Cornaceae) growing under different light regimes and analyzed the components of crown architecture that most influenced variation in LAD. At a whole-crown level, extension-unit (EU) density (EUs/m(3)) had the greatest impact on LAD. The number of leaves per unit EU length and EU length had a wide range of impacts depending on the degree of crowding of foliage on the EU. Leaf size had a lesser impact on LAD. LAD was higher in the uppermost crown and declined towards the base. The non-uniformity of LAD among crown layers was much greater under high irradiance. Individuals under high irradiance achieved greater LAD by increased branching, well-marked EU dimorphism and a larger number of leaves per unit EU length; the reverse was true for the individuals under low irradiance. We identified two distinct modes of growth response to light regime. Under high irradiance, individuals responded by differential growth between the layers of crowns with the lower crown suppressed and growth in the upper crown increased. Conversely, shaded individuals did not respond by differential growth between crown layers.