Revision reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament: evaluation and management.

Primary reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) restores knee stability in up to 95% of patients, but instability can recur. Identifying the cause of primary reconstruction failure is the most important action to be taken when considering revision reconstruction. Preoperative evaluation and planning are essential before revision ACL reconstruction. In this article, we review causes of failure, considerations for preoperative evaluation and planning, and techniques for revision and provide an overview of the results of revision reconstruction.