Nicotinic cholinergic receptors in the rat retina: simple and mixed heteromeric subtypes.

Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) were measured in the rat retina to determine the heteromeric subtypes. We detected seven nicotinic receptor subunit mRNA transcripts, alpha2-alpha4, alpha6, and beta2-beta4, with RNase protection assays. The density of heteromeric nAChR binding sites is approximately 3 times higher in the retina than in the cerebral cortex. Moreover, the density of the sites in the retina measured with [3H]epibatidine ([3H]EB) is approximately 30% higher than with 125I-3-(2(S)-azetidinylmethoxy)pyridine (A-85380) and more than twice that measured with [3H]cytisine or [3H](-)nicotine. These data suggest that the retina expresses multiple subtypes of nAChRs, including a large fraction of receptors containing the beta2 subunit and a smaller fraction containing the beta4 subunit. Consistent with this, in binding competition studies, nicotinic ligands fit a model for two affinity classes of binding sites, with the higher affinity sites representing 70 to 80% of the nAChRs in the retina. To determine the specific subtypes of nAChRs in the rat retina, we used subunit-specific antibodies in immunoprecipitation assays. Immunoprecipitation of [3H]EB-labeled nAChRs with antibodies specific to the beta2 and beta4 subunits indicated that approximately 80% of the receptors contained beta2 subunits and approximately 25% contained beta4 receptors, consistent with the binding pharmacology results. Sequential immunoprecipitation assays indicated that the rat retina contains multiple subtypes of nAChRs. The majority of the receptors measured seemed to be simple heteromeric subtypes, composed of a single type of alpha and a single type of beta subunit; but a significant fraction are mixed heteromeric subtypes, composed of two or more alpha and/or beta subunits.