OBJECT: The goal of this study was to examine the roles of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) in the formation of blood vessels in the brain in a developmental animal model not routinely used for such a study. METHODS: Either VEGF, Ang-2, or a combination of the two factors were injected into the optic tectum of 4-day-old quail embryos. Immunohistochemical analysis and laser confocal microscopy were used to observe the effects on endothelial cells in the brain. Vascular endothelial growth factor and Ang-2 had very different effects on the development of blood vessels; the former caused expansion and the latter retraction of these vessels. Treatment with a combination of VEGF and Ang-2 caused retroorbital or intraventricular hemorrhage, and brain blood vessels appeared enlarged and dysmorphic, with dramatically extended filopodia. CONCLUSIONS: Some of these observations may provide insight into how one may develop a better model of brain arteriovenous malformations.
OBJECT: The goal of this study was to examine the roles of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) in the formation of blood vessels in the brain in a developmental animal model not routinely used for such a study. METHODS: Either VEGF, Ang-2, or a combination of the two factors were injected into the optic tectum of 4-day-old quail embryos. Immunohistochemical analysis and laser confocal microscopy were used to observe the effects on endothelial cells in the brain. Vascular endothelial growth factor and Ang-2 had very different effects on the development of blood vessels; the former caused expansion and the latter retraction of these vessels. Treatment with a combination of VEGF and Ang-2 caused retroorbital or intraventricular hemorrhage, and brain blood vessels appeared enlarged and dysmorphic, with dramatically extended filopodia. CONCLUSIONS: Some of these observations may provide insight into how one may develop a better model of brain arteriovenous malformations.
Authors: Daniel Stubbs; Jamin DeProto; Kai Nie; Chris Englund; Imran Mahmud; Robert Hevner; Zoltán Molnár Journal: Cereb Cortex Date: 2009-04-22 Impact factor: 5.357
Authors: Alejandra Rodriguez Celin; Melina Rapacioli; Mariela Azul Gonzalez; Virginia Laura Ballarin; Sara Fiszer de Plazas; Juan José López-Costa; Vladimir Flores Journal: PLoS One Date: 2015-01-29 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: P P Garcez; H B Stolp; S Sravanam; R R Christoff; J C C G Ferreira; A A Dias; P Pezzuto; L M Higa; J Barbeito-Andrés; R O Ferreira; C B V Andrade; M Siqueira; T M P Santos; J Drumond; A Hoerder-Suabedissen; C V F de Lima; F Tovar-Moll; R T Lopes; L Fragel-Madeira; R Lent; T M Ortiga-Carvalho; J Stipursky; M Bellio; A Tanuri; Z Molnár Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2018-08-24 Impact factor: 4.379