Haemoglobinopathies and healthcare provision for ethnic minorities.

The level of training and competence in dealing with haemoglobinopathies (which mainly affect ethnic minorities in the UK) may not be totally adequate among nurses. Nurses indicated that they received little or no information in their teaching for working from a multiracial perspective and what they had learned was through experience and personal research since qualifying as nurses. Knowledge of the biological basis of inheritance, methods of acquisition of thalassaemia and sickle-cell anaemia and the ethnic profile of people affected by these conditions may not be totally adequate among nurses. Many nurses wanted more training, including those who had already received instruction, since this was described as "far too vague", "not constructive", "minimal", or "embarrassingly insufficient", recommending that instruction be given by a sickle-cell anaemia/thalassaemia counsellor with a contribution from patients. A combination of poor quality, or lack, of instruction, together with time and resource pressures, is responsible for this limited understanding, resulting in insufficient awareness of the health needs of ethnic minorities leading to inequalities in healthcare provision.