Antiepileptic drug monotherapy: pediatric concerns.

Selecting the optimal antiepileptic drug (AED) begins with accurate epilepsy classification, including seizure type and epilepsy syndrome if possible. Based on the available data, children with focal epilepsy, with or without secondary generalization, can be treated with a traditional or newer narrow-spectrum or broad-spectrum AED. Children with generalized convulsive epilepsy, mixed epilepsy, or seizures of an unknown type are best treated with a broad-spectrum AED. Children with childhood absence epilepsy can be treated with ethosuximide, valproate, or lamotrigine. In all cases, the best choice among the various AED options requires consideration of factors such as seizure frequency, seizure severity, AED adverse event profile, AED titration schedule, patient comorbidities, prescription plan coverage, and cost. Most children with epilepsy achieve the goal of "no seizures and no side effects" and most children eventually become seizure free without AEDs. If accurate epilepsy classification is made, clear differences in efficacy are not evident among the multiple available AEDs. Better comparative data emphasizing adverse event profiles, comorbidities and longer-term outcome are needed between the traditional and newer AEDs.