Pharmacokinetics, urinary and mammary excretion of ceftriaxone in lactating goats.

The pharmacokinetic properties of ceftriaxone were investigated in 10 goats following a single intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration of 20 mg kg(-1) body weight. After i.v. injection, ceftriaxone serum concentration-time curves were characteristic of a two-compartment open model. The distribution and elimination half-lives (t(1/2alpha), t(1/2beta)) were 0.12 and 1.44 h respectively. Following i.m. injection, peak serum concentration (C(max)) of 23.6 microg ml(-1) was attained at 0.70 h. The absorption and elimination half-lives (t(1/2ab), t(1/2el)) were 0.138 and 1.65 h respectively. The systemic bioavailability of the i.m. administration (F %) was 85%. Following i.v. and i.m. administration, the drug was excreted in high concentrations in urine for 24 h post-administration. The drug was detected at low concentrations in milk of lactating goats. A recommended dosage of 20 mg kg(-1) injected i.m. every 12 h could be expected to provide a therapeutic serum concentration exceeding the minimal inhibitory concentrations for different susceptible pathogens.