Atraumatic rupture of the spleen associated with hemophagocytic syndrome and isolated splenic peliosis. Case report.

Atraumatic rupture of the spleen is an uncommon condition that may be associated with various etiologies. The hemophagocytic syndrome (HS) and isolated splenic peliosis are two rare conditions, each of which has previously been described in association with splenic rupture. We describe a unique case of atraumatic splenic rupture in which concurrent HS and splenic peliosis were diagnosed following splenectomy. Given that both these rare conditions have probably caused the splenic rupture, a possible association between these entities is discussed.