PURPOSE: The technique of optical coherence tomography (OCT) has significantly improved over the last few years. This new diagnostic procedure allows imaging of tissue structure of the bladder wall during cystoscopy with high resolution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The penetration depth of OCT is limited to 2.5 mm. The resolution is approximately 15 microm. Fifty patients with different clinical conditions of the bladder were examined. Altogether 488 OCT images were generated. RESULTS: OCT of normal bladder mucosa clearly shows a differentiation between urothelium, lamina propria, and smooth muscle. Cystitis and metaplasia are characterized by blurring of the laminated structure and thickening of the epithelial layer. In malignant areas there is complete loss of the regular layered tissue structure. CONCLUSION: OCT improves the diagnosis of flat lesions of the urothelium. It has the potential for facilitating intraoperative staging of malignant areas in the bladder.
PURPOSE: The technique of optical coherence tomography (OCT) has significantly improved over the last few years. This new diagnostic procedure allows imaging of tissue structure of the bladder wall during cystoscopy with high resolution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The penetration depth of OCT is limited to 2.5 mm. The resolution is approximately 15 microm. Fifty patients with different clinical conditions of the bladder were examined. Altogether 488 OCT images were generated. RESULTS: OCT of normal bladder mucosa clearly shows a differentiation between urothelium, lamina propria, and smooth muscle. Cystitis and metaplasia are characterized by blurring of the laminated structure and thickening of the epithelial layer. In malignant areas there is complete loss of the regular layered tissue structure. CONCLUSION: OCT improves the diagnosis of flat lesions of the urothelium. It has the potential for facilitating intraoperative staging of malignant areas in the bladder.
Authors: F Feldchtein; V Gelikonov; R Iksanov; G Gelikonov; R Kuranov; A Sergeev; N Gladkova; M Ourutina; D Reitze; J Warren Journal: Opt Express Date: 1998-09-14 Impact factor: 3.894
Authors: D Huang; E A Swanson; C P Lin; J S Schuman; W G Stinson; W Chang; M R Hee; T Flotte; K Gregory; C A Puliafito Journal: Science Date: 1991-11-22 Impact factor: 47.728
Authors: J M Herrmann; C Pitris; B E Bouma; S A Boppart; C A Jesser; D L Stamper; J G Fujimoto; M E Brezinski Journal: J Rheumatol Date: 1999-03 Impact factor: 4.666
Authors: Frank Koenig; Joachim Knittel; Ludger Schnieder; Markus George; Michael Lein; Dietmar Schnorr Journal: Urology Date: 2003-07 Impact factor: 2.649
Authors: F Feldchtein; G Gelikonov; V Gelikonov; R Kuranov; A Sergeev; N Gladkova; A Shakhov; N Shakhova; L Snopova; A Terent'eva; E Zagainova; Y Chumakov; I Kuznetzova Journal: Opt Express Date: 1998-09-14 Impact factor: 3.894
Authors: Markus J Bader; Katja Zilinberg; Patrick Weidlich; Raphaela Waidelich; Michaela Püls; Christian Gratzke; Christian G Stief; Herbert Stepp; Ronald Sroka Journal: Lasers Med Sci Date: 2012-08-07 Impact factor: 3.161