Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis with severe spinal deformity.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the current gold standard for the management of cholelithiasis. As experience with laparoscopic cholecystectomy has increased, contraindications to the procedure have started decreasing. Kyphoscoliosis with fixed rigidity is considered as a relative contraindication to laparoscopic surgery. Ankylosing spondylitis is a challenge to the anaesthesiologist because it is associated with difficult intubation, restrictive ventilatory defects, and frequent cardiac involvement. The benefits of laparoscopic surgery can be extended to this group of patients with severe kyphoscoliosis due to advances in anesthesia and surgical expertise. We report a case of laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed in a patient with severe ankylosing spondylitis with fixed rigidity of the cervical spine and marked thoracolumbar kyphosis with severe restrictive lung disease. The purpose of this report is to describe the difficulties encountered in anesthesia and operative difficulties due to altered body habitus in terms of patient positioning and surgical access.