Hydrofluoric acid: a review of toxicity.

Hydrofluoric acid is a toxic substance used widely in both industrial and domestic settings. It can cause severe burns, as well as systemic toxicity. Death has been reported from as little as 2.5% body surface area (BSA) burn involving concentrated acid. Topical and parenteral calcium salts have proven effective therapy for both dermal and systemic manifestations. All emergency physicians should be aware of the unique complications and treatment of these injuries.