Renal osteodystrophy: a pediatric perspective, 2005.

Renal osteodystrophy (ROD) associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) involves a complex interrelationship of the loss of divalent mineral homeostasis, hyperparathyroidism, and gene modulation. In affected children, ROD leads to impaired linear growth as well as to the development of other significant skeletal and extraskeletal manifestations. Despite the success of kidney transplantation, many ROD complications cannot be completely reversed; and thus, patients with CKD and ROD require long-term follow-up. Although the availability of vitamin D analogues has advanced ROD management, it has also created new issues for clinicians to address, motivating future investigations of calcimimetic therapies. An algorithmic approach to the management of ROD in children is presented; to be most effective, this approach requires close and frequent surveillance to prevent side effects related to potent therapies.