Psychotic symptom patterns and the diagnosis of schizophrenia.

In comparing 101 psychotic patients subtyped by DSM-III criteria into paranoia, schizophrenia, schizoaffective, and affective disorders, we failed to distinguish them on the basis of delusional and hallucinatory experiences. These 'productive', 'positive' or 'irritative' symptoms--which the literature tends to link with temporolimbic dysfunction--did not appear specifically linked to schizophrenia. By contrast, 'negative' or 'deficit' symptoms--which the literature tends to relate to frontal lobe dysfunction--appeared more specific--especially for the disorganized subtype of schizophrenia. Although these data tend to support Bleulerian over Schneiderian conceptualization of schizophrenia, the heterogeneity of neuropsychological deficits implied in the negative symptom complexes limits the nosologic utility of the rubric of schizophrenia so defined.