[The unfinished agenda for child survival: what role for the integrated management of childhood illness?].

The endorsement by the United Nations General Assembly of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) and the growing acknowledgment by the international community that child survival is an unfinished agenda created a new momentum for rapid scaling up of effective child health interventions. In this review, the authors discuss the environment in which child health programs are being implemented and the potential role of the integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) strategy in country efforts to achieve the MDGs. The discussion is based on the conclusions of a multi-country analytic review of the IMCI strategy conducted jointly by DFID, UNICEF, USAID, and WHO as well as the results of another multi-country evaluation coordinated by the WHO on IMCI costs, effectiveness, and impact. The article concludes on the need to increase child health investments and on the potential importance of IMCI in improving child survival. However, the MDGs may not be reached if IMCI is not implemented in conjunction with other strategies to reduce mortality during the first days of life and to strengthen the health system. The authors also stress the need to increase research on mechanisms to scale up delivery of existing public health interventions.