A study of bovine tuberculosis in domestic animals and wildlife in the MacKenzie Basin and surrounding areas using DNA fingerprinting.

The MacKenzie Basin, an area of about 5150 km2 in the South Island of New Zealand, was free of bovine tuberculosis prior to 1980. During the next 13 years, the majority of the cattle and deer herds in this area became infected with Mycobacterium bovis. The history of infection in the MacKenzie Basin has all the characteristics of a newly developed region of endemic tuberculosis with a wildlife reservoir of M. bovis. Tuberculous possums and ferrets were found in the MacKenzie Basin and both may have been a source of infection for domestic animals. DNA fingerprinting of 125 isolates of M. bovis from domestic animals and wildlife by restriction endonuclease analysis revealed two major groups of isolates. The same groups were identified using IS6110 as a DNA probe. Restriction endonuclease analysis enabled one group to be subdivided into seven restriction types and the other group into eight types. Mycobacterium bovis isolates with the most common restriction types were present in both domestic animals and wildlife, indicating that infection had spread between these two groups of animals. DNA fingerprinting also revealed that M. bovis was introduced into the MacKenzie Basin from at least two distinct sources. Furthermore, DNA finger-printing was able to identify probable sources of infection.