Deficient inhibition of return in schizophrenia-further evidence from an independent sample.

Previous studies on spatial orienting of attention in schizophrenia demonstrated a deficit of Inhibition of Return (IOR). However, other studies reported a delay in the manifestation, but an overall normal amount of IOR in patients with schizophrenia. However, the latter studies used a cue-back manipulation which is known to reinstate or speed up IOR. Hence, it is not clear whether even very long cue target intervals would allow IOR to develop in patients with schizophrenia in the absence of a cue-back manipulation. The aim of the present study was to study IOR in patients with schizophrenia using a single cue paradigm and a very long cue target interval of >1 s in order to differentiate between blunted and delayed IOR. We examined 32 inpatients with schizophrenia and 16 healthy controls with a covert orienting of attention task (COVAT) with non-predictive peripheral cues and three stimulus onset asynchronies (SOA: 100 ms, 800 ms and 1050 ms). We found a lack of Inhibition of Return (IOR) in patients with schizophrenia with both long SOAs of 800 and 1050 ms. As in a previous study of our group, the IOR deficit was unrelated to psychopathology, length of illness, number of previous psychotic episodes and type of neuroleptic medication. In summary, our study confirms and extends previous reports of deficient IOR in patients with schizophrenia. IOR seems to be not just delayed, but rather profoundly disturbed in schizophrenia. Deficient IOR in patients with schizophrenia might be viewed as a trait or alternatively as a vulnerability marker of the disorder.