OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence, clinical correlates, and comorbidity among children and adolescents with bipolar disorder (BPD) assessed in the early 1990s (first cohort) with those evaluated over the last 7 years (second cohort). METHODS: Subjects were consecutively referred children (N=108) and adolescents (N=197) with a DSM-III-R BPD diagnosis, referred to a child psychiatry service and evaluated with identical structured assessment methods. RESULTS: Mania was identified in 16% of referred youth in both age groups and cohorts; in both age groups and cohorts, the clinical picture was predominantly irritable and mixed, and the course was chronic. Youth with BPD in both age groups and cohorts frequently had comorbidity with ADHD, psychosis and anxiety disorders. They also had high rates of psychiatric hospitalization and evidence of severely impaired psychosocial functioning. CONCLUSIONS: The consistency of clinical features of bipolar disorder seen across age groups (children vs. adolescents) and cohorts (early and late cohorts) over the past decade supports the hypothesis that BPD in the young is a severe condition afflicting a sizeable minority of referred youth. These findings replicate and extend our previous characterization of an early onset mania, which may represent a developmental subtype of BPD.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence, clinical correlates, and comorbidity among children and adolescents with bipolar disorder (BPD) assessed in the early 1990s (first cohort) with those evaluated over the last 7 years (second cohort). METHODS: Subjects were consecutively referred children (N=108) and adolescents (N=197) with a DSM-III-R BPD diagnosis, referred to a child psychiatry service and evaluated with identical structured assessment methods. RESULTS:Mania was identified in 16% of referred youth in both age groups and cohorts; in both age groups and cohorts, the clinical picture was predominantly irritable and mixed, and the course was chronic. Youth with BPD in both age groups and cohorts frequently had comorbidity with ADHD, psychosis and anxiety disorders. They also had high rates of psychiatric hospitalization and evidence of severely impaired psychosocial functioning. CONCLUSIONS: The consistency of clinical features of bipolar disorder seen across age groups (children vs. adolescents) and cohorts (early and late cohorts) over the past decade supports the hypothesis that BPD in the young is a severe condition afflicting a sizeable minority of referred youth. These findings replicate and extend our previous characterization of an early onset mania, which may represent a developmental subtype of BPD.
Authors: Nikos Makris; Larry J Seidman; Ariel Brown; Eve M Valera; Jonathan R Kaiser; Carter R Petty; Lichen Liang; Megan Aleardi; Denise Boriel; Carly S Henderson; Michelle Giddens; Stephen V Faraone; Thomas J Spencer; Joseph Biederman Journal: Psychiatry Res Date: 2012-05-27 Impact factor: 3.222
Authors: Leslie Miller; Stefanie A Hlastala; Laura Mufson; Ellen Leibenluft; Mark Riddle Journal: Evid Based Pract Child Adolesc Ment Health Date: 2016-11-14
Authors: Benjamin I Goldstein; Michael A Strober; Boris Birmaher; David A Axelson; Christianne Esposito-Smythers; Tina R Goldstein; Henrietta Leonard; Jeffrey Hunt; Mary Kay Gill; Satish Iyengar; Colleen Grimm; Mei Yang; Neal D Ryan; Martin B Keller Journal: Bipolar Disord Date: 2008-06 Impact factor: 6.744
Authors: Casey L McGrath; Stephen J Glatt; Pamela Sklar; Helen Le-Niculescu; Ronald Kuczenski; Alysa E Doyle; Joseph Biederman; Eric Mick; Stephen V Faraone; Alexander B Niculescu; Ming T Tsuang Journal: BMC Psychiatry Date: 2009-11-12 Impact factor: 3.630