Pneumothorax: assessment and diagnostic testing.

Acute pneumothorax and the presence of air in the pleural space, is a relatively common and potentially life-threatening cause of chest pain. Early recognition and treatment are essential in decreasing the morbidity and mortality from this condition. Knowledge of the diseases and procedures associated with an increased risk for pneumothorax, as well as the frequent signs and symptoms upon presentation, will assist the clinician in its early identification.