Pancreatic islet cell transplantation using non-heart-beating donors (NHBDs).

Recent dramatic improvements in clinical islet cell transplantation demonstrated by the Edmonton group have increased the demand for this treatment, and donor shortage could become a major problem. Utilization of marginal donors could alleviate the donor shortage, and non-heart-beating donors (NHBDs) might be good resources. The University of Pennsylvania group demonstrated that it was possible to isolate islets from NHBDs, and the group actually transplanted islets from NHBDs, for the first time. The patient became insulin-independent; however, there had been no more cases using NHBDs until our group initiated islet transplantations from NHBDs in Japan. In order to utilize NHBDs effectively, we modified the standard islet isolation method. These modifications included minimizing the warm ischemic time, the use of trypsin inhibition during isolation, carrying out density measurement before purification and the use of a less toxic islet purification solution. With these modifications we were able to transplant nine of ten islet preparations from ten NHBDs (90%), into five type-1 diabetic patients. The first transplantation was performed on April 7, 2004 (the first time in Japan), and this patient became insulin-independent after the second islet transplantation (first time in Japan). All patients showed improved glycemic control and reduced insulin requirements, without hypoglycemic events. We also performed living-donor islet transplantation, with our modified islet isolation protocol, on January 19, 2005. The improved islet isolation protocol enabled us to perform effective islet transplantations from NHBDs, and it also enabled us to perform the living-donor islet transplantation.