Molecular changes in prostatic cancer.

Prostate cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed and potentially devastating cancers in men, throughout the world. However, the clinical manifestation of this disease varies greatly, from indolent tumours, requiring little or no treatment, to those aggressive cancers which require radical therapies. Prostate cancer, like all other cancers, develops and progresses as a consequence of an accumulation of genetic changes. While several putative genes have been isolated for the development of breast, ovarian and colon cancer, the aetiology and pathogenesis of prostate cancer remains poorly understood. In this review, we discuss important genetic markers in early, metastatic and hormone refractory prostate cancer which may, in the future, be used as markers for diagnosis and prognosis, as well as targets for therapeutic intervention.