OBJECTIVES: Brain microglia are highly responsive cells in the central nervous system that exert key functions in host defense as well as in neuroprotection and regeneration. In this study the gene expression profiles for 268 cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and their receptors were examined in cultures of purified human adult microglia, using cDNA array profiling. METHODS: Microglia from 9 different donors were compared, also following challenge of such microglia with the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma. RESULTS: A stable pattern was observed of genes abundantly expressed in the different cultures under standard conditions. Genes abundantly expressed in all microglia cultures include CCL2 (MCP-1), thymosin beta-10, migration-inhibitory factor-related protein 8 (MRP8), MRP14, corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 and endothelin 2. Abundant gene products novel to microglia were neuromodulin (GAP43) and Flt3 ligand. Yet, treatment with TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma led to widely different response profiles among the different cultures. CONCLUSION: These data show a surprising level of heterogeneity among human adult microglia cultures in their response to a pro-inflammatory stimulus despite the standardized methodology to examine this response. Copyright 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel.
OBJECTIVES: Brain microglia are highly responsive cells in the central nervous system that exert key functions in host defense as well as in neuroprotection and regeneration. In this study the gene expression profiles for 268 cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and their receptors were examined in cultures of purified human adult microglia, using cDNA array profiling. METHODS: Microglia from 9 different donors were compared, also following challenge of such microglia with the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma. RESULTS: A stable pattern was observed of genes abundantly expressed in the different cultures under standard conditions. Genes abundantly expressed in all microglia cultures include CCL2 (MCP-1), thymosin beta-10, migration-inhibitory factor-related protein 8 (MRP8), MRP14, corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 and endothelin 2. Abundant gene products novel to microglia were neuromodulin (GAP43) and Flt3 ligand. Yet, treatment with TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma led to widely different response profiles among the different cultures. CONCLUSION: These data show a surprising level of heterogeneity among human adult microglia cultures in their response to a pro-inflammatory stimulus despite the standardized methodology to examine this response. Copyright 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel.
Authors: Miriam E Gerlofs-Nijland; Damien van Berlo; Flemming R Cassee; Roel P F Schins; Kate Wang; Arezoo Campbell Journal: Part Fibre Toxicol Date: 2010-05-17 Impact factor: 9.400
Authors: James F Curtin; Gwendalyn D King; Carlos Barcia; Chunyan Liu; François X Hubert; Carole Guillonneau; Régis Josien; Ignacio Anegon; Pedro R Lowenstein; Maria G Castro Journal: J Immunol Date: 2006-03-15 Impact factor: 5.422
Authors: A Schmitt; M Bauer; H Heinsen; W Feiden; P Falkai; I Alafuzoff; T Arzberger; S Al-Sarraj; J E Bell; N Bogdanovic; W Brück; H Budka; I Ferrer; G Giaccone; G G Kovacs; D Meyronet; M Palkovits; P Parchi; E Patsouris; R Ravid; R Reynolds; P Riederer; W Roggendorf; A Schwalber; D Seilhean; H Kretzschmar Journal: J Neural Transm (Vienna) Date: 2006-12-14 Impact factor: 3.575