The role of recipient sites in fat-graft survival: experimental study.

The survival of fat grafts depends on many factors, 1 of the major being early revascularization. Early studies showed that adipose tissue has a low tolerance to ischemia. Some methods have been described to increase the tolerance of adipose tissue to ischemia. This study was designed to compare volume maintenance of the transplanted fat graft in different recipient sites of the rabbit face. Three groups of 5 New Zealand white rabbits were studied. Fat grafts harvested from the right inguinal fat pad were transplanted to the buccomandibular area of the rabbit's face. Three different recipient sites (subcutaneous, supramuscular, and submuscular) were dissected on each side of the face, and groups were formulated based on this difference of recipient sites. Morphometric, as well as histopathologic, analyses were done, and the results revealed a statistically significant increase of fat graft survival in supramuscular layer (81.95% +/- 4.40%) than in subcutaneous (41.62% +/- 3.29%) and submuscular layer (37.31% +/- 5.77%) (P<0.05). This study demonstrates that selection of an "appropriate recipient site" should enhance ultimate fat-graft survival.