Spontaneous spreading of nematic liquid crystals.

The spontaneous spreading of macroscopic drops of nematic liquid crystals on hydrophilic substrates has been investigated by interferometric techniques. There is a complex interplay between the elastic energy, due to antagonist anchoring at the interfaces, and the radial flow in the spreading drop. A relevant parameter appears to be the relative humidity of the atmosphere, because it controls the amount of water molecules adsorbed on the substrate and, therefore, the strength of anchoring defects. The spreading laws differ from the ones of simple wetting liquids, and contact line instabilities coupled to short- (anchoring) or large-scale (disclinations) defects of the nematic film are observed.