Recombinant rhabdoviruses: vectors for vaccine development and gene therapy.

The establishment of methods to recover rhabdoviruses from cDNA, so-called reverse genetics systems, has made it possible to genetically engineer rhabdoviruses and to study all aspects of the virus life cycle by introducing defined mutations into the viral genomes. It has also opened the way to make use of the viruses in biomedical applications such as vaccination, gene therapy, or oncolytic virotherapy. The typical gene expression mode of rhabdoviruses, a high genetic stability, and the propensity to tolerate changes in the virus envelope have made rhabdoviruses attractive, targetable gene expression vectors. This chapter provides an overview on the possibilities to manipulate biological properties of the rhabdoviruses that may be important for further development of vaccine vectors and examples of recombinant rhabdoviruses expressing foreign genes and antigens.