BACKGROUND: With a hypothesis that "angiogenesis occurs before osteogenesis," an experimental study using a rat model was carried out. Histological and immunohistochemical examinations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenetic protein-2, -4 (BMP-2, -4) were performed at the margins of bone formation after femoral bone lengthening. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-five Wistar rats weighing 380-400 g (11-week-old males) were used. An external fixator was applied on the femur, and an osteotomy performed under general anaesthesia. Five days after the operation, femoral lengthening was initiated at a rate of 0.8 mm/day for 8 days. The rats were sacrificed just after distraction was completed, and at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 14 days after distraction. The specimens from these rats were stained with haematoxylin-eosin, VEGF, and BMP-2, -4 immunohistochemical staining, and were investigated. RESULTS: Expression of VEGF was observed in the woven bone at the osteogenetic front and near to osteoblasts around the newly formed bone. On the other hand, expressions of BMP-2, -4 were seen in the hypertrophic chondrocytes. In the same specimen, the VEGF area was further away from the bone stump than the BMP-2, -4 areas. CONCLUSION: These results confirm the hypothesis that angiogenesis is induced before osteogenesis.
BACKGROUND: With a hypothesis that "angiogenesis occurs before osteogenesis," an experimental study using a rat model was carried out. Histological and immunohistochemical examinations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenetic protein-2, -4 (BMP-2, -4) were performed at the margins of bone formation after femoral bone lengthening. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-five Wistar rats weighing 380-400 g (11-week-old males) were used. An external fixator was applied on the femur, and an osteotomy performed under general anaesthesia. Five days after the operation, femoral lengthening was initiated at a rate of 0.8 mm/day for 8 days. The rats were sacrificed just after distraction was completed, and at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 14 days after distraction. The specimens from these rats were stained with haematoxylin-eosin, VEGF, and BMP-2, -4 immunohistochemical staining, and were investigated. RESULTS: Expression of VEGF was observed in the woven bone at the osteogenetic front and near to osteoblasts around the newly formed bone. On the other hand, expressions of BMP-2, -4 were seen in the hypertrophic chondrocytes. In the same specimen, the VEGF area was further away from the bone stump than the BMP-2, -4 areas. CONCLUSION: These results confirm the hypothesis that angiogenesis is induced before osteogenesis.
Authors: Mario L Fabiilli; Christopher G Wilson; Frédéric Padilla; Francisco M Martín-Saavedra; J Brian Fowlkes; Renny T Franceschi Journal: Acta Biomater Date: 2013-03-25 Impact factor: 8.947
Authors: Zarana S Patel; Simon Young; Yasuhiko Tabata; John A Jansen; Mark E K Wong; Antonios G Mikos Journal: Bone Date: 2008-07-14 Impact factor: 4.398
Authors: Alexander Moncion; Keith J Arlotta; Oliver D Kripfgans; J Brian Fowlkes; Paul L Carson; Andrew J Putnam; Renny T Franceschi; Mario L Fabiilli Journal: Ultrasound Med Biol Date: 2015-10-30 Impact factor: 2.998