Persistent B19 infection in immunocompetent individuals: implications for transfusion safety.

Recent reports suggested that parvovirus B19 (B19) might persist in immunocompetent individuals such as blood donors, but only cross-sectional data were available. Serial samples from a cohort of multitransfused patients with hemoglobinopathies and a cross-sectional population of pregnant women were tested for B19 markers. Of 76 red cell recipients, 6 (8%) had persistent viral DNA for 1 to 3 or more years, depending on the sensitivity of the genomic amplification assay. All patients also carried B19-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG). In contrast, 0.8% of 500 pregnant women carried both detectable B19 DNA and specific IgG. These results demonstrate that persistence of low levels of B19 DNA suggested by cross-sectional studies is frequent in multitransfused patients and that the virus may remain detectable several years after infection in nonimmunodeficient individuals.