Applications of two-photon microscopy in the neurosciences.

Thanks to deep tissue penetration of infrared light (IR), two-photon laser scanning microscopy (2PLSM) has become an important tool in modern neuroscience. Examples range from the high-resolution visualization of dendritic spines in single neurons to the monitoring of intracellular Ca++ transients in small neural networks. In the present review we give an overview of the current achievements and discuss emerging applications of the technique.