Itzhak Brook1, Alan E Gober. 1. Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA. ib6@georgetown.edu
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To study the frequency of isolation of potential pathogens and interfering bacteria in the posterior nasopharynx of otitis media-prone (OMP) children and their smoking and nonsmoking parents to possibly explain why active and passive exposure to smoking is associated with carriage of potentially pathogenic bacteria and an increased risk of respiratory tract infection in both adults and children. SETTING: Outpatient clinic. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty OMP children and their smoking parents (smoking group) and 20 OMP children and their nonsmoking parents (nonsmoking group). INTERVENTIONS: Posterior nasopharynx cultures were taken from 20 OMP children and their smoking parents and 20 OMP children and their nonsmoking parents. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Potential pathogens and aerobic and anaerobic bacteria with interfering capabilities against these organisms were identified. RESULTS: Fourteen potential pathogens were isolated from smoking parents, and 17 were recovered from their children. Concordance in isolation of a pathogen between a parent and child was noted in 11 instances. Three potential pathogens were isolated from nonsmoking parents (P<.001 compared with the parents and children in the smoking group and children in the nonsmoking group), and 16 were recovered from their children. Bacterial interference by normal flora isolates against potential pathogens was noted in 58 instances in smoking parents and in 55 instances in their children (P<.05). Bacterial interference was noted in 129 instances in nonsmoking parents (P<.05 compared with the parents and children in the smoking group and children in the nonsmoking group) and in 55 instances in their children. CONCLUSIONS: A high recovery rate of potential pathogens and a low number of interfering organisms were observed in OMP children. This was not related to their parents' smoking habits. The posterior nasopharynx flora of smoking parents contained more potential pathogens similar to the ones recovered from OMP children and fewer interfering organisms than nonsmoking parents.
OBJECTIVE: To study the frequency of isolation of potential pathogens and interfering bacteria in the posterior nasopharynx of otitis media-prone (OMP) children and their smoking and nonsmoking parents to possibly explain why active and passive exposure to smoking is associated with carriage of potentially pathogenic bacteria and an increased risk of respiratory tract infection in both adults and children. SETTING:Outpatient clinic. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty OMP children and their smoking parents (smoking group) and 20 OMP children and their nonsmoking parents (nonsmoking group). INTERVENTIONS: Posterior nasopharynx cultures were taken from 20 OMP children and their smoking parents and 20 OMP children and their nonsmoking parents. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Potential pathogens and aerobic and anaerobic bacteria with interfering capabilities against these organisms were identified. RESULTS: Fourteen potential pathogens were isolated from smoking parents, and 17 were recovered from their children. Concordance in isolation of a pathogen between a parent and child was noted in 11 instances. Three potential pathogens were isolated from nonsmoking parents (P<.001 compared with the parents and children in the smoking group and children in the nonsmoking group), and 16 were recovered from their children. Bacterial interference by normal flora isolates against potential pathogens was noted in 58 instances in smoking parents and in 55 instances in their children (P<.05). Bacterial interference was noted in 129 instances in nonsmoking parents (P<.05 compared with the parents and children in the smoking group and children in the nonsmoking group) and in 55 instances in their children. CONCLUSIONS: A high recovery rate of potential pathogens and a low number of interfering organisms were observed in OMP children. This was not related to their parents' smoking habits. The posterior nasopharynx flora of smoking parents contained more potential pathogens similar to the ones recovered from OMP children and fewer interfering organisms than nonsmoking parents.
Authors: Debby Bogaert; Bart Keijser; Susan Huse; John Rossen; Reinier Veenhoven; Elske van Gils; Jacob Bruin; Roy Montijn; Marc Bonten; Elisabeth Sanders Journal: PLoS One Date: 2011-02-28 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Meike Voss; Bodo Wonnenberg; Anja Honecker; Andreas Kamyschnikow; Christian Herr; Markus Bischoff; Thomas Tschernig; Robert Bals; Christoph Beisswenger Journal: Respir Res Date: 2015-03-20