PURPOSE: To construct and validate a questionnaire aiming to measure children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in the home. METHODS: The development of the instrument included epidemiological studies, qualitative interviews, pilot studies, and validation with biomarkers and is described in seven consecutive steps. Parents of preschool children, from different population-based samples in south-east Sweden, have participated in the studies. RESULTS: Content and face validity was tested by an expert panel and core elements for the purpose of the instrument identified. Reliability was shown with test-retest of the first version. The validation with biomarkers indicated that the sensitivity of the instrument was high enough to discriminate between children's ETS exposure levels. Cotinine/creatinine levels were related to parents' described smoking behaviors. Differences were shown between children from non-smoking homes, and all groups with smoking parents, independent of their smoking behavior (p < 0.01), as well as between parents smoking strictly outdoors and parents reporting indoor smoking (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the presented instrument can be used to discriminate between different levels of ETS exposure and when children's level of tobacco smoke exposure is to be assessed.
PURPOSE: To construct and validate a questionnaire aiming to measure children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in the home. METHODS: The development of the instrument included epidemiological studies, qualitative interviews, pilot studies, and validation with biomarkers and is described in seven consecutive steps. Parents of preschool children, from different population-based samples in south-east Sweden, have participated in the studies. RESULTS: Content and face validity was tested by an expert panel and core elements for the purpose of the instrument identified. Reliability was shown with test-retest of the first version. The validation with biomarkers indicated that the sensitivity of the instrument was high enough to discriminate between children's ETS exposure levels. Cotinine/creatinine levels were related to parents' described smoking behaviors. Differences were shown between children from non-smoking homes, and all groups with smoking parents, independent of their smoking behavior (p < 0.01), as well as between parents smoking strictly outdoors and parents reporting indoor smoking (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the presented instrument can be used to discriminate between different levels of ETS exposure and when children's level of tobacco smoke exposure is to be assessed.
Authors: Jill S Halterman; Belinda Borrelli; Paul Tremblay; Kelly M Conn; Maria Fagnano; Guillermo Montes; Telva Hernandez Journal: Pediatrics Date: 2008-12 Impact factor: 7.124
Authors: Yu Jin Paek; Jeong Bae Kang; Seung-Kwon Myung; Do-Hoon Lee; Moon-Woo Seong; Hong Gwan Seo; Jung Jin Cho; Hong Ji Song; Kyung Hee Park; Chan Ho Kim; Jeong Ah Ko Journal: Yonsei Med J Date: 2009-06-23 Impact factor: 2.759
Authors: Erika Avila-Tang; Jessica L Elf; K Michael Cummings; Geoffrey T Fong; Melbourne F Hovell; Jonathan D Klein; Robert McMillen; Jonathan P Winickoff; Jonathan M Samet Journal: Tob Control Date: 2012-09-04 Impact factor: 7.552
Authors: Sasha G Hutchinson; Ilse Mesters; Gerard van Breukelen; Jean Wm Muris; Frans Jm Feron; S Katharine Hammond; Constant P van Schayck; Edward Dompeling Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2013-02-27 Impact factor: 3.295