Specific induction by glucocorticoids of steroid esterase in rat hepatic microsomes and its release into serum.

Steroid esterase hydrolysing methylprednisolone 21-hemisuccinate was induced specifically and markedly in hepatic microsomes and serum of rats by various glucocorticoids. Among the glucocorticoids examined, dexamethasone and betamethasone showed the highest potency to induce the hepatic steroid esterase, the induction ratio being 32 and 33 times higher than the basal level (about 160 mU/g liver), respectively. Steroid esterase in the serum was induced greatly by fluocinolone acetonide and betamethasone to 92 and 79 times of the basal level of about 16 mU/mL, respectively, followed by dexamethasone and methylprednisolone. When dexamethasone was given to rats, the enzyme in other tissues except for duodenum and small intestine (of which activity was lowered to 50% of the basal level) was also elevated, but the induction ratio was much lower than that in the liver and serum. The induction of the steroid esterase is probably due to stimulation of de novo synthesis of the enzyme by glucocorticoids, because the elevation of esterase activity was inhibited by treatment with cycloheximide (a translation inhibitor) and actinomycin D (a transcription inhibitor), and about 4- and 10-hr lag time was observed before the elevation of esterase activity in liver and serum, respectively. Coupled with these observations the following results indicate that the steroid esterase in serum is probably synthesized in the liver and subsequently released into the blood via the Golgi apparatus: (1) when the liver of rats treated with dexamethasone was subjected to perfusion with a recycling system, significant amounts of steroid esterase were released into the perfusate; (2) anti-hepatic esterase antibody inhibited the steroid esterase activity not only in the liver but also in serum; and (3) monensin, which prevents the secretion of various kinds of secretory proteins by disrupting the function of the Golgi apparatus, inhibited the elevation of the steroid esterase activity in serum by dexamethasone but did not affect the induction in liver.