Characterization of candidate genes for neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis in dog.

The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) are a heterogenous group of monogenic autosomal recessive inherited progressive neurodegenerative diseases characterized by brain and retinal atrophy and the intracellular accumulation of autofluorescent lysosomal storage bodies resembling lipofuscin in neurons and other cells. Until today, eight forms of NCL have been classified in humans by clinical criteria, which result from mutations in at least six different genes (TPP1, CLN2, PPT1, CLN5, CLN6, and CLN8). NCL has also been reported in various domestic animal species including cattle, goat, sheep, cat, and certain dog breeds. In this report, the experimental analysis of canine PPT1, CLN5, CLN6, and CLN8 full-length cDNA sequences is described, and the current whole genome sequence assembly was used for gene structure analyses. Characterization of the four canine genes revealed a conserved organization with respect to the human orthologs. In general the gene size in dog is smaller compared to the human sequence due to shorter intron length. Using four individuals of Tibetan terrier with NCL, and a single affected Polish Owczarek Nizinny (PON) dog, we excluded the complete coding region of canine PPT1 and CLN8 and three of four exons of CLN5 and six of seven exons of CLN6 harboring disease-causing mutations.