Methodological considerations in research with special populations: children and adolescents.

Headache occurs across the lifespan, but limited attention has been devoted to children and adolescents. This article discusses pertinent methodological considerations when conducting behavioral research with pediatric populations. Issues needing special consideration when working with children and adolescents involve ethics, sample characterization, headache diagnosis, treatment administration, and outcome measurement. Available literature is reviewed and specific recommendations are offered when possible.