The quasi-static response of compliant prosthetic sockets for transtibial amputees using finite element methods.

The finite element method (FEM) is a very powerful tool for analyzing the behavior of structures, especially when the geometry and mechanics are too complex to be modeled with analytical methods. This study focuses on the analysis of patellar tendon bearing prosthetic sockets with integrated compliant features designed to relieve contact pressure between the residual limb and socket. We developed a FEM model composed of a socket, liner and residual limb and analyzed it under quasi-static loading conditions derived from experimentally measured ground reaction forces. The geometry of the residual limb, liner and socket were acquired from computed tomography (CT) data of a transtibial amputee. Three different compliant designs were analyzed using FEM to assess the structural integrity of the sockets and their ability to relieve local pressure at the fibula head during normal walking. The compliant features consisted of thin-wall sections and two variations of spiral slots integrated within the socket wall. One version of the spiral slots produced the largest pressure relief, with an average reduction in local interface pressure during single-leg stance (20-80% of the stance phase) from 172 to 66.4 kPa or 65.8% compared to a baseline socket with no compliant features. These results suggest that the integration of local compliant features is an effective method to reduce local contact pressure and improve the functional performance of prosthetic sockets.