Viruses as probes for systems analysis of cellular signalling, cytoskeleton reorganization and endocytosis.

It is well known that mammalian viruses hijack the cellular signalling and internalization machineries to enter and to infect their host cells; however, only in the past six years have researchers started to follow individual virus particles and to investigate the events that they induce in living cells. The relative ease of imaging individual virus particles with time-lapse microscopy, despite being limited by light-diffraction, allows for specific and local kinetic analysis of individual events in signalling, cytoskeleton reorganization and endocytosis. Furthermore, virus infection is an easy-to-use endpoint readout, which is ideally suited for functional genomics approaches. The combined information from these studies will be crucial for the development of models that describe the underlying systems of cellular signalling, cytoskeleton reorganization and membrane trafficking during virus entry.