Parasomnias and other sleep-related movement disorders.

Parasomnias are common clinical complaints. Formal sleep evaluation including PSG is indicated for parasomnias that are violent and potentially injurious; disruptive to the bed partner or other household members; accompanied by excessive daytime sleepiness; or associated with medical,psychiatric, or neurologic symptoms or findings [2]. Multiple sleep latency testing should be considered for patients who have complaints of excessive daytime sleepiness. An extensive history, including medical, neurologic,psychiatric, and sleep disorder, and a review of medication, alcohol, illicit drug use, and family history of parasomnias, may provide useful clues. Distinguishing between a parasomnia and a seizure may be difficult as both can present as recurrent, stereotypical behaviors. Evaluation may be aided by an expanded EEG montage during overnight PSG studies.