Diabetes mellitus and exercise.

Physical exercise is traditionally considered beneficial in the treatment of IDDM. Attainment and maintenance of ideal body weight, improvement in self-image, and decreases in hypertension and lipid-related cardiovascular risk factors can all be achieved by the diabetic patient who exercises. Although the value of exercise in improving long-term glycemic control remains controversial, athletic participation by individuals with IDDM is encouraged to achieve the same health benefits enjoyed by exercising nondiabetic individuals. Knowledge of the metabolic responses to exercise in IDDM patients is required for appropriate guidance and management. Careful monitoring and adjustment of insulin doses and nutrition plans can then make possible the safe and successful participation of IDDM patients in virtually any athletic activity.