[Combined central retinal vein and artery occlusion after retrobulbar anesthesia--report of two cases].

Two cases of combined central retinal artery and vein occlusion after intraocular surgery are described. Both patients were submitted to peribulbar anesthesia. Due to the painful sensation and ocular mobility retrobulbar anesthesia was necessary. At the end of the surgery both patients received a subconjunctival injection of gentamicin associated with dexamethasone. On the very first day after the surgery the two patients showed pupillary areflexia and visual acuity of luminous perception when they were referred to our service. The confirmation of the diagnosis of combined vascular occlusion of the retina was obtained by fluorescein angiography test. The two patients never showed, any neurological alteration. However visual loss was severe and permanent. By means of surgical description, clinical history, fundus photography and fluorescein angiography we are able to discuss the possible causes of this severe retinal vascular injury emphasizing the presumed anesthesic injection that was given into the optical nerve during retrobulbar anesthesia. At the same time we discuss preventive measures to avoid such problem.