BACKGROUND: Our goal was to describe trends in invasive pneumococcal disease incidence among persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). METHODS: We used time-trend analysis of annual invasive pneumococcal disease incidence rates from a population-based, active surveillance system. Annual incidence rates were calculated for 5 July-June periods by use of data from San Francisco county, the 6-county Baltimore metropolitan area, and Connecticut. The numerators were the numbers of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infections among persons 18-64 years of age with AIDS; the denominators were the numbers of persons living with AIDS, estimated on the basis of AIDS surveillance data. RESULTS: The annual incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease declined from 1094 cases/100,000 persons with AIDS (July 1995-June 1996) to 467 cases/100,000 persons living with AIDS (July 1999-June 2000). The annual percentage changes in incidence were -34%, -29%, -8%, and -1%. Declines were similar by surveillance area, sex, and race/ethnicity. During the final year of the study, the invasive pneumococcal disease incidence in persons with AIDS was half that of the pre-HAART era but was still 35 times higher than that in similarly aged non-HIV-infected adults. CONCLUSIONS: In the United States, invasive pneumococcal disease incidence declined sharply across a range of subgroups living with AIDS during the period after widespread introduction of HAART. Despite these gains, persons with AIDS remain at high risk for invasive pneumococcal disease.
BACKGROUND: Our goal was to describe trends in invasive pneumococcal disease incidence among persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). METHODS: We used time-trend analysis of annual invasive pneumococcal disease incidence rates from a population-based, active surveillance system. Annual incidence rates were calculated for 5 July-June periods by use of data from San Francisco county, the 6-county Baltimore metropolitan area, and Connecticut. The numerators were the numbers of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infections among persons 18-64 years of age with AIDS; the denominators were the numbers of persons living with AIDS, estimated on the basis of AIDS surveillance data. RESULTS: The annual incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease declined from 1094 cases/100,000 persons with AIDS (July 1995-June 1996) to 467 cases/100,000 persons living with AIDS (July 1999-June 2000). The annual percentage changes in incidence were -34%, -29%, -8%, and -1%. Declines were similar by surveillance area, sex, and race/ethnicity. During the final year of the study, the invasive pneumococcal disease incidence in persons with AIDS was half that of the pre-HAART era but was still 35 times higher than that in similarly aged non-HIV-infected adults. CONCLUSIONS: In the United States, invasive pneumococcal disease incidence declined sharply across a range of subgroups living with AIDS during the period after widespread introduction of HAART. Despite these gains, persons with AIDS remain at high risk for invasive pneumococcal disease.
Authors: Jessica A Kynyk; Jonathan P Parsons; Michael F Para; Susan L Koletar; Philip T Diaz; John G Mastronarde Journal: Respir Med Date: 2012-01-27 Impact factor: 3.415
Authors: Joon Young Song; Hee Jin Cheong; Ji Yun Noh; Min Joo Choi; Jin Gu Yoon; Woo Joo Kim Journal: Hum Vaccin Immunother Date: 2019-08-23 Impact factor: 3.452
Authors: Neil French; Stephen B Gordon; Thandie Mwalukomo; Sarah A White; Gershom Mwafulirwa; Herbert Longwe; Martin Mwaiponya; Eduard E Zijlstra; Malcolm E Molyneux; Charles F Gilks Journal: Malawi Med J Date: 2016-09 Impact factor: 0.875