Injection of neuropeptide W into paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus increases food intake.

Neuropeptide W (NPW) is an endogenous ligand for G protein-coupled receptor 7 (GPR7). There are two forms of the peptide, designated as neuropeptide W-23 (NPW23) and neuropeptide W-30 (NPW30). In the current study we found that intracerebroventricular administration of NPW23 increased c-Fos immunoreactivity (IR) in a variety of brain sites, many of which are involved in the regulation of feeding. In particular, we noted that c-Fos IR levels were increased in hypocretin-expressing neurons in the perifornical region of the lateral hypothalamus (LH). We then studied whether injection of NPW23 into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) and the LH increased food intake over a 24-h time period. Intra-PVN injection of NPW23 at doses ranging from 0.1 to 3 nmol increased feeding for up to 4 h, and doses ranging from 0.3 to 3 nmol increased feeding for up to 24 h. In contrast, only the 3-nmol dose of NPW23 increased feeding after administration into the LH. Together, these data suggest a modulatory role for NPW in the control of food intake.