The future of flexor tendon surgery.

Clinical outcomes following flexor tendon repair have made significant improvements in the last 50 years. In that time standard treatment has evolved from secondary grafting to primary repair with postoperative rehabilitation protocols. Unfortunately, excellent results are not yet attained universally following treatment. Improving understanding of tendon healing at the cellular, molecular, and genetic levels will likely enable surgeons to modulate the normal repair process. We now look toward biologic augmentation of flexor tendon repairs to address the problems of increasing tensile strength while reducing adhesion formation following injury and operative repair.