Mutations and natural genetic variation in the courtship song of Drosophila.

All Drosophila species have a courtship repertoire by which a male stimulates a female to mate with him. In many species, males vibrate their wings to produce courtship song, an element of courtship that plays an important role in female choice. Each species has a unique courtship song, with the major differences among species songs being in timing and/or structure. Analysis of genetic mutations has revealed 17 genes that affect courtship song in Drosophila melanogaster. Most of the genes were first identified as affecting another trait and were subsequently shown to affect song. Quantitative genetic studies have demonstrated a polygenetic additive genetic architecture for many song traits. Few candidate genes, identified through the classical genetic approach, coincide with the regions implicated as affecting natural variation. With many new tools in genetic analysis and the multiple Drosophila genome projects currently underway, the ability to relate mutational and quantitative analyses will improve.